💡 What happened to 😱 Silicon Valley Bank ($SIVB) this week? Within 36 hours, the institution banking half of #SiliconValley's #Startups and #Funds went from the premier broker of the tech scene to the biggest failure of a financial institution since Washington Mutual Bank (2008).
🏦 #Banks - simplified - do the following: Collect #deposits from companies and individuals. That means they are hosting your checking account, holding a) short term b) low interest 💵cash balances for clients. The other side of the bank business is using that money (and extra money created out of thin air = #leverage) to invest in a) long-term b) more risky c) interest-bearing projects. That could be lending money to other companies, consumers, or sovereign debtors. Their margin is the delta between the low deposit interest and the high investing interest rate.
👨💻 #SVB's clients, mostly #startups, #VC/#PE funds, and their #founders and executives, have collected lots of money during the last tech bubble, leading to high inflows of deposits (see below). Silicon Valley Bank invested these excess inflows into relatively long-term, low-interest securities (US dept & MBS papers).
🚨 Then 2 things happened:
1️ The Federal Reserve System (#FED) raised interest rates, and freshly issued debt now yields up to 5% interest, rendering SVB's debt portfolio of old low-interest papers worth much less. SVB sold a good portion of these with a huge loss of $1.8bn.
2️ The VC funding market dried out. No one is raising new money, and startups live off their cash positions, depleting their deposits at #SVB. (see net negative client cash flows below)
♻️ This week, SVB tried to re-capitalize itself by seeking 2.25bn in new equity funding to stabilize its balance sheet, making investors and clients worry.
😱 Next: A textbook 🏃#bankrun happened. VCs warned their portfolio companies, more and more clients tried to withdraw their deposits, and NO bank is prepared for that as they never hold 100% of deposits (remember the leverage) but rely on the trust of their customers that money is safe at the bank.
Within hours the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) had to seize control of the bank and close it down. The immediate implications include:
🛑 Clients lose access to their funds. Bills and payslips might not be paid on Monday.
🛑 Only 250k of each client's money is insured thru FDIC; the rest of the deposits is in jeopardy as of now and will take long to access.
🛑 Startups using SBV as a facilitator of client transactions (marketplaces, payroll services, etc.) will not be able to use these rails to continue their business as usual
💣 Contagion risk: Everyone watches other banks with similar issues. They exist. However, it's fair to say that SVB is a special animal with extreme exposure to the venture ecosystem. Most other banks are well-diversified on the client side.
🇩🇪 Followers might want to listen to today's episode of Doppelgänger TechTalk Podcast to dig deeper.