Marcio Leão

How to cut exact corners?

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The art of balancing is founded on patience😎

The key to the stability of an arch is in the curved shape, and how that shape holds all forces in compression. That compression is the primary force can be shown by examining mortarless arches. There is nothing in a mortarless arch that “glues” everything together; thus all the individual stones must be pressing against each other (compression) like they do in a vertical wall.

Otherwise, the arch could not stand; outward-pushing forces would cause stones to go everywhere.

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Source: Stone Arch Bridges

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Plan the demolishment correctly & it can complete the job for you!

Contrary to popular belief, the demolition process is not as straightforward as it seems. While most people assume that it is just a simplistic exercise of tearing down a building or structure, the demolition process is more intricate. Most buildings built till the 1970s were made of asbestos, a material that has been proved to be carcinogenic when disturbed. Meaning that a random demolition of such a building will cause undesired side effects to residents within the vicinity.

Apart from asbestos, other harmful materials used in building construction may be released into the air. Some of these toxic substances include; contaminated containers, varnish, mercury, resins, treated wood, lead-based paint, adhesives, and Caulk. Demolition contractors are legally obligated to follow state and local governments’ restrictions for any demolition, hence the need for a demolition plan.

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Source: PAR

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Why are the train wheel coned shaped?🧐

Have you ever noticed the wheels of a train? Are they normal shaped or different? The train’s wheels are not perfectly cylindrical, but slightly conical. The conical shape is a marvel of engineering that accomplished two major goals things, one is correcting the course of the train towards the center and second is helping the train to achieve the differential action.

To help the wheels stay on the track their shape is usually slightly conical. This means that the inside of the wheel has a larger circumference than the outside of the wheel. (They also have a flange, or raised edge, on the inner side to prevent the train from falling off the tracks.) When a train with slanted wheels turns, centrifugal force pushes the outside wheel to the larger part of the cone and pushes the inside wheel to the smaller part of the cone. As a result when a train is turning it is momentarily running on wheels that are effectively two different sizes. As the outside wheel's circumference becomes larger it is able to travel a greater distance even though it rotates at the same rate as the smaller inside wheel.

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Source: Sci Am

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How the Golden Gate Bridge was built?🧐

The Golden Gate strait is a gap in a mountain range that was cut by an ancient river that passed through what was a dry valley until 10,000 years ago. That was when sea level was over 100 meters lower than today. The melting ice caused by the end of the last ice age raised the level of the sea, and the ocean slowly flowed back up the river canyon to form San Francisco Bay. Today, 60% of the rain and snow that falls on the State of California still drains through the Golden Gate.

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Source: Golden Gate Bridge

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Fossils tell the story of our planet😍

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of the mineral calcite, which is a calcium carbonate.

Most limestone layers formed from marine sediment deposited on sea floors, although some formed in freshwater lakes and rivers and even on dry land. Sources for the calcite in limestone include seashells. When shelled animals that use calcium carbonate in water to build their shells die, the remains of their shells accumulate on a sea or lake floor.

Under the right conditions, large amounts of shell debris eventually gets buried under other sediment and compressed into rock. Many limestone layers also contain fossils of such animals as: fishes, corals, brachiopods, clams, bryozoans, crinoids, and one-celled fusulinids that were preserved whole or nearly whole.

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Source: Geokansas

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Steel has been used for ages to build piled foundations for large buildings and skyscrapers. The main advantages of steel foundations are that steel is very resistant, much stronger than soils in which they are driven, so that they can resist very high loads.

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A reconstruction of ancient civilizations vs. now💡

People have constructed buildings and other structures since prehistory, including bridges, amphitheatres, dams, roads and canals. Building materials in present use have a long history and some of the structures built thousands of years ago are regarded as remarkable. The history of construction overlaps that of structural engineering and many other fields. To understand why things were constructed the way they were in prehistory, we also need to rely on archaeology to record the form of the parts that survive and the tools used, and other branches of history and architecture to investigate how the builders lived and recorded their accomplishments.

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Source: The History of Building

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Leonardo da Vinci invented the self-supporting bridge, known as the “emergency bridge“

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Source: Engineering Science

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Hormuz, located near the southern shores of Iran, is an island facing the entrance to the Persian Gulf.

The cause of the characteristic color is actually due to the presence of a high concentration of iron oxides and in fact, the darker sand causes the sea waves to take on a more intense and reddish color. Once you bathe in these waters, the color remains on your skin for days to come.

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Lake Tahoe is the third deepest lake in North America and the tenth deepest in the world. The lake is 22 miles in length and 12 miles wide with approximately 72 miles of shoreline. Its greatest measured depth is 1,645 feet. The average depth of the lake is 1,000 feet. Another amazing fact about Lake Tahoe is that the bottom of the lake, 4,580 feet in elevation, is actually lower than the Carson Valley floor in Nevada.

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Source: USDA

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Aizhai was once the world’s highest tunnel to tunnel bridge and among a group of around 20 suspension bridges in China to cross a valley so wide it seems to be connecting two mountain ranges. Back in 2012 Aizhai was one of just 4 large span, high level suspension bridges. The first three were the Siduhe, Balinghe and Beipanjiang Hukun bridges.

Of the world's 400 or so highest bridges, Aizhai has the 5th longest span with a tower to tower distance of 1,176 meters / 3,858 feet. Located deep in the heart of China’s Hunan Province near the city of Jishou, the suspension bridge is the largest structure on the Jishou to Chadong expressway with a deck 336 meters / 1,102 feet above the DeHang Canyon and has also become a major tourist attraction with a walkway partly made of glass accessible via a large group of escalators and elevators.

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Source: Highest Bridges

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Anthony Howe is an artist specializing in crafting kinetic sculptures that come to life through the power of wind.

Kinetic art has its origins in famous artists from the late 19th Century such as Claude Monet, Edouard Manet and Edgar Degas. The 1920's through to the 1960s saw experiments with mobiles and new forms of sculpture, with one of the most prominent figures in the field at the time being Alexander Calder.

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Source: Anthony Howe

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The 558MW Yusufeli Dam project in Turkey’s northern Artvin province was officially inaugurated yesterday by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

The Yusufeli dam and hydroelectric power project is located on the Çoruh River, upstream of the Borçka, Muratli, and the Deriner hydroelectric power plants.-

The project comprises a 275m tall double curvature concrete arch dam and a power plant equipped with three 186MW vertical-axis Francis turbine units. Each turbine unit is designed to operate at a rated head of 191m and a rated discharge of 107m3/sec.

The Yusufeli Dam created a 33.63km2 reservoir area with a total storage capacity of approximately 2.2 billion cubic metres. The maximum crest elevation and the crest length of the dam are 715m and 490m respectively.

The dam project also involves four balanced cantilever viaducts, including the 644m-long Tekkale viaduct, the 695m-long Yusufeli viaduct, the 340m-long Yusufeli dam viaduct, and the 530m-long Şilenkar viaduct, along with the construction of 110km of roads, 45 tunnels, 22 bridges, and 92 culverts.

The other components of the project include the main power transformers, a 380kV switchyard, along measuring and protection equipment.

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Source: Water Power Maganize

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Permeable pavements allow water to infiltrate through surfaces that would normally be impermeable, such as asphalt or portland cement concrete parking lots.

Design of permeable structures generally include a permeable surface such as asphalt or portland cement concrete over a base of fines, which help to filter the water, and uniformly graded gravel, which stores the water as it infiltrates through the ground below the structure. An uncompacted soil base is highly recommended, and construction practices which emphasize this are critical for groundwater recharge.


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Source: Pavement Interactive

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Can you imagine an inhabited city where the water running through the the drain channels is so pure that beautiful koi fish can swim in it? Well, such a place exists on Japan’s Kyushu island. It’s called Shimabara, and it’s quite a sight to behold.

When the area around Shimabara was affected by the natural disaster known as the “1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami” which killed 15,000 people, no one imagined that the dozens of fresh water springs that started gushing out would one day put the city on Japan’s travel map and inspire its now famous nickname – the “City of Water”. There are at least 60 known springs throughout Shimabara, making clean water one of the city’s most abundant resources. There is so much of it, in fact, that it flows through the drain channels along some streets. But that’s not even the craziest thing about this place; because the water is so pure, at one point authorities decided to put some koi carp in the channels, and Shimabara became the City of Swimming Carp.

The city of Shimabara decided to introduce koi carp into its clean water channels in 1978, when a 100-meter-long waterway became home to several dozen fish. It soon became a popular tourist attraction and authorities continued to add more koi fish throughout the city. Today there are hundreds of them swimming against the current and waiting to be fed and admired by tourists. Despite the “don’t feed the fish signs”, people just can’t help it, but the koi definitely don’t mind.

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Source: Oddity Central

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Precast Concrete Pier Caps.
U.S. 52 Sabula Overflow Bridge.

Source: Iowadot

This is an example of strong structural engineering?

A Vehicular Bridge Loading Capacity is the maximum total amount of weight per vehicle & per axle allowed for regular use of the bridge structure.

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